Life at the Cell and Below-Cell Level. The Hidden History of a Fundamental Revolution in Biology
by
Gilbert N. Ling, Ph.D.
Pacific Press
2001
ISBN 0-9707322-0-1

"Dr. Ling is one of the most inventive biochemist I have ever met."
Prof. Albert Szent-Györgyi, Nobel Laureate

A Super-Glossary 
for Words, Terms and Basic Concepts Used in the Book

T

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

 T

t1/2: the half time of a process.

T1: the (nuclear-magnetic resonance) spin-lattice relaxation time, or longitudinal relaxation time The difference between the excess population at an elevated energy level in a static uniform magnetic field and its equilib-rium value, is reduced by a factor of e (2.718) after a time, T1.

T2: the (nuclear magnetic resonance) spin-spin re-laxation time or transverse relaxation time Defined approximately as the lifetime or phase memory time of a nuclear spin state.

T-state: the more rigid or tense deoxygenated sate (of hemoglobin).

Taft's induction constant: a set of empirically determined constants of substituents appli-cable to aliphatic compounds introduced by R.W.Taft in l953.

target: something to be affected by an action or development.

tesla: unit of magnetic induction equal to 104 gauss, named after inventor, Nikola Tesla.

tethered: to be fastened or restrained by.

theorem: an idea accepted or proposed as a de-monstrable truth often as a part of a general theory.

theory of enhancement of association through site (or charge) fixation: the theory that charge- or site fixation enhances the degree of association of an adsorbent for two kinds of reasons: one electrostatic and the other ki-netic {For details, see [10.1(1)].}

Theory of light: theory of light as propagated electromagnetic waves introduced by James Clerk Maxwell in 1864.

theory of thermostability of Perutz: Max Perutz suggested in 1978 that the cause some living organisms can survive in high temperature is due to the presence of extra structure-stabilizing salt-linkages in their enzymes and other proteins.

thermodynamics: the science that deals with the relationship of heat and mechanical energy and the conversion of one into the other.

THO: tritiated water Water molecules in which one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by a tritium atom.

threonine: СН3СН(ОН)СН(NН2)СНСООН, an α-amino acid found in most protein hydro-lysates Its presence as threonine residue in a protein endows the protein with a hydroxyl group on a short side chain.

tibial end: the distal end of (a sartorius muscle) that is attached to the tibial bone, which is located between the knee and the ankle.

titration curve: Titration is a process of deter-mining the strength of a solution or the concentration of the substance in solution in terms of the smallest amount of a reagent of known concentration required to bring about a given effect in reaction with a known volume of the test solution. A most common type of titration is to determine the acid binding curve of a substance, e.g., protein.

Tl+: thalium cation, a surrogate ion for K+ but poisonous used to poison rats.

tonoplast: the membrane surrounding the central vacuole in mature plant cells, also known as vesicular membrane.

lexicological action: the specific toxic activity of a poison.

Tradecantia elongata: spiderwort, an American herb.

transcription: a process involving base pairing, by which the genetic information contained in a DNA molecule is used to produce a complementary sequence of bases in an RNA chain.

translation: the process whereby the genetic information contained in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule directs the order of the specific sequential order of amino-acid resi-dues during the synthesis of a specific protein. (See also transcription.)

transmissivity, transmission factor: the fractional number or percentage which describes the attenuation each passage across an atom imposes on the transmitted induc-tive effect.

trehalose: a disaccharide of two D-glucose found in fungi instead of starch also found in insects.

trichloroacetic acid (TCA): Сl3ССООН, а strong acid and protein denaturant, an acetic acid in which all three of the methyl protons have been replaced by (three) chlorine atoms.

triplet adsorption-desorption route: a way by which an external or internal cation, for example, may enter (or leave) the cell, which involves the participation of a second free cation.

triplet migration: a mechanism by which an ion can move across a fixed site at the surface or within a fixed charge system. This process involves the occupation of the site by the ion followed by its desorption with the participation of a second free ion.

trisaccharide: a sugar that upon hydrolysis yields three monosaccharides Example, raffinose.

tritiated water: H3HO, a radioactively labeled water molecule.

Troshin equation: Equation A1 in Appendix 1.

true active transport: refers to the active transport across bifacial cell layers and similar systems.

true equilibrium distribution coefficient (q-value): the ratio of the equilibrium concen-tration of a solute (exclusively) in the water of a living cell or model system over that in the external bathing medium.

tryptophane: a common α-amino acid found in most protein hydrolysates. Its presence in a protein endows the protein with an indole group carried on a short side chain.

Tyndall phenomenon: Discovered by Michael Faraday, the scattering of light by a solution of colloidal particles was studied by J. Tyndall and is known as the Tyndall phenomenon.

tyrosine: an aromatic a-amino acid found in most protein hydrolysates. Incorporated into a polypeptide or protein it provides a phenolic group on a short side chain.
 

Разделы книги
"Life at the Cell and Below-Cell Level.
The Hidden History of a Fundamental Revolution in Biology":

Contents (PDF 218 Kb)
Preface (
PDF 155 Kb)
Answers to Reader's Queries (Read First!) (
PDF 120 Kb)
Introduction

1. How It Began on the Wrong Foot---Perhaps Inescapably
2. The Same Mistake Repeated in Cell Physiology
3. How the Membrane Theory Began
4. Evidence for a Cell Membrane Covering All Living Cells
5. Evidence for the Cell Content as a Dilute Solution
6. Colloid, the Brain Child of a Chemist
7. Legacy of the Nearly Forgotten Pioneers
8. Aftermath of the Rout
9. Troshin's Sorption Theory for Solute Distribution
10. Ling's Fixed Charge Hypothesis (LFCH)
11. The Polarized Multilayer Theory of Cell Water
12. The Membrane-Pump Theory and Grave Contradictions
13. The Physico-chemical Makeup of the Cell Membrane
14. The Living State: Electronic Mechanisms for its Maintenance and Control
15. Physiological Activities: Electronic Mechanisms and Their Control by ATP, Drugs, Hormones and Other Cardinal Adsorbents
16. Summary Plus
17. Epilogue 

A Super-Glossary

List of Abbreviations
List of Figures, Tables and Equations
References (
PDF 193 Kb)
Subject Index
About the Author

A Super-Glossary
Назад к оглавлению
На страницу "Gilbert Ling"
На главную страницу

Hosted by uCoz
[AD]